Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations:

(≡ homotypic synonym, = heterotypic synonym, - autonym, I invalid designation)

• (=) Aurantium decumana (L.) Mill.
• Basionym: Aurantium maximum Burm.
• (=) Citrus aurantium var. decumana L.
• (=) Citrus aurantium var. grandis L.
• (=) Citrus costata Raf.
• (=) Citrus decumana (L.) L.
• (=) Citrus grandis Osbeck
• (=) Citrus pseudograndis
• (=) Citrus truncata

Common names:

• pomelo  (Source: Websters Dict) - English
• pummelo  (Source: World Econ Pl) - English
• shaddock  (Source: World Econ Pl) - English
• pamplemousse  (Source: Mansf Ency) - French
• pamplemoussier  (Source: Mansf Ency) - French
• shadek  (Source: Les Agrumes) - French
• Adamsapfel  (Source: pers. comm.) - German
• Pampelmuse  (Source: pers. comm.) - German
• Pomelo  (Source: pers. comm.) - German
• Pumelo  (Source: pers. comm.) - German
• limau  (Source: pers. comm.) - Indonesian
• pompelmo  (Source: pers. comm.) - Italian
• buntan  (Source: pers. comm.) - Japanese Rōmaji
• zabon  (Source: pers. comm.) - Japanese Rōmaji
• jamboa  (Source: Mansf Ency) - Portuguese
• toronja  (Source: Dict Rehm) - Spanish
• pompelmus  (Source: Kulturvaxtdatabas) - Swedish
• you  (Source: F ChinaEng) - Transcribed Chinese
• zhu luan  (Source: Mansf Ency) - Transcribed Chinese

Economic Importance:

• Human food: fruit (fide Pl Res SEAs 2:129. 1991)
• Materials: essential oils

Distributional Range:

Native

Asia-Tropical

• MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia


Cultivated (widely cult. in tropics & subtropics)

References:

1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) URL: www.skud.info
2. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
3. Citrus Crop Germplasm Committee. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
4. Courboulex, M. & H. de Lorrain. 1997. Les agrumes: oranges, citron, pamplemousses, kumquats. Note: re. French common names
5. Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980-. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. Note: = Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck
6. Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
7. Federici, C. T. et al. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Citrus (Rutaceae) and related genera as revealed by RFLP and RAPD analysis. Theor. Appl. Genet. 96:812-816.
8. Froelicher, Y. et al. 2011. New universal mitochondrial PCR markers reveal new information on maternal citrus phylogeny. Tree Genet. Genomes 7:49-61. Note: this study examined the origin and maternal phylogeny of cultivated citrus; it included three samples of Citrus maxima; it obtained seven mitotypes, one of which included C. maxima together with C. aurantium, C. bergamia, C. latifolia, C. limetta, C. limon, C. paradisii, C. pseudolimon and C. sinensis
9. Garcia-Lor, A. et al. 2013. A nuclear phylogenetic analysis: SNPs, indels and SSRs deliver new insights into the relationships in the 'true citrus fruit trees' group (Citrinae, Rutaceae) and the origin of cultivated species. Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 111:1-19.
10. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
11. Yaacob, O. & S. Subhadrabandhu. 1995. The production of economic fruits in South-East Asia Note: = Citrus grandis
12. Jung, Y.-H. et al. 2005. Investigation of the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Citrus (Rutaceae) and related species in Korea using plastid trnL-trnF sequences. Sci. Hort. 104:179-188. Note: = Citrus grandis
13. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
14. Mabberley, D. J. 1997. A classification for edible Citrus (Rutaceae). Telopea 7:170.
15. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
16. Merrill, E. D. 1922-1926. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants.
17. Nicolosi, E. et al. 2000. Citrus phylogeny and genetic origin of important species as investigated by molecular markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 100:1155-1166. Note: = Citrus grandis
18. Personal Care Products Council. INCI
19. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
20. Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
21. Reichel, S. 1998. pers. comm. Note: re. German common names
22. Scora, R. W. & D. H. Nicolson. 1986. The correct name for the shaddock, Citrus maxima, not C. grandis (Rutaceae). Taxon 35:592.
23. Smith, A. C. 1979-1991. Flora vitiensis nova.
24. Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
25. Stover, E. & W. Castle. 2002. Citrus rootstock usage, characteristics ,and selection in the Florida Indian River region. HortTechnol. 12:143-147.
26. Swingle, W. T. & P. C. Reece. 1967. The botany of Citrus and its wild relatives. Note: = Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck
27. Tanaka, T. 1954. Species problem in Citrus: a critical study of wild and cultivated units of Citrus, based upon field studies in their native homes. Revisio Aurantiacearum. 9:117. Note: = Citrus grandis
28. Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq. Note: = Citrus grandis
29. Verheij, E. W. M. & R. E. Coronel, eds. 1991. Edible fruits and nuts. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 2:128.
30. Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands. Note: = Citrus grandis
31. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
32. Wu, G. A. et al. 2014. Sequencing of diverse mandarin, pummelo and orange genomes reveals complex history of admixture during citrus domestication. Nat. Biotechnol. 32:656-662.
33. Xu, Q. et al. 2013. The draft genome of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis). Nat. Genet. 45:59-68. Note: as Citrus grandis
34. 1961. Webster's third new international dictionary.

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN-Taxonomy).
National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: https://agb.amvmt.lt/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=10744. Accessed 4 kovo 2025.